Goal, location, and source may be coded by different cases (see also UT086 and UT088). This question asks whether there is a separate case to mark location. For example, in Finnish there are two such local cases (1).

(1) Finnish

a. Olen kaupassa**
ole-n kaupa-ssa
be-1SG store-INE
‘I am in the store’

b. Istun lattialla**
istu-n lattia-lla
sit-1SG floor-ADE
'I sit on the floor'

Coding

The value is '1' if there is at least one local case that is primarily used to express location. The answer is '0' if there is syncretism, i.e., the same case marking also has another locative function (it expresses goal or source). For instance, in Livvi Karelian lattiel expresses 'on the floor' and 'from the floor'. Thus, the case marked with -l cannot be said to have only one function (see also UT089 and UT090).